Aurodunia

Hist(Chap-2)                                                  New Kings and Kingdoms By the 7th century there were big landlords or warrior chiefs in different regions of India. Existing kings often acknowledged them as their subordinates or Samantas. The Samantas were expected to bring gifts for their kings or overlords, be present at their courts and provide them with military support. As the Samantas gained power and wealth, they declared themselves to be ‘Maha-samanta’, ‘Mahamandaleswara’( the great lord of a “circle” or region).  Sometimes Samantas asserted their independence from their overlords. One such instance was that of Rashtrakutas in the Deccan. Initially it was a subordinate of Chalukyas of Karnataka. In the mid-8th century, Dantidurga, a Rashtrakuta chief, overthrew his Chalukya overlord and performed a ritual called’Hiranyagarbha’(lit...

Tracing Changes Through A Thousand Years (700AD-1750AD) A person who makes maps is known as a Cartographer. The term ‘Hindustan’ was 1st used in the 13th century by a Persian chronicler Minhaj-i-Siraj. He meant the areas of Punjab, Haryana and the lands between the Ganga and Yamuna. He used the term in a political sense for lands that were a part of the dominions of the Delhi sultan, excluding the southern part  of India. In the 16th century, Babur used ‘Hindustan’  to describe the geography, the fauna & culture of it. Today we mean ‘foreigner’ as who is not an Indian (In Hindi ‘foreigner’ means Pardesi,  Punjabi- Ajnabi) In Medieval period- any stranger who was not a part of that society or culture A city-dweller, therefore, might have regarded as a forest-dweller as a ‘foreigner’ In past, manuscripts were collected by the wealthy people, rulers, monasteries and temples. Now these are placed in Libraries  & Archives which gives detailed informatio...

Science (Chap-1)                                     Nutrition in Plants Plants can synthesize food  for themselves where the animals including humans can not. Humans and animals are directly or indirectly dependent on plants. Plants are the only organisms that can prepare food for themselves by using water, carbon dioxide and minerals. Nutrition is the mode of taking food by an organism and its utilization by the body. The mode of nutrition in which organisms make food themselves from single substances is called Autotrophic (auto-self, trophos -nourishment) nutrition. Example- Plants Animals and most other organisms who take food prepared by plants are called Heterotrophs. Food making process in plants is known as Photosynthesis. Leaves are known as the food factories of plants. Carbon dioxide from air is taken in through the tiny pores present on the surface of leaves. Such ...

G.K. on Madhusudan Das Q.1. Who is popularly known as 'Utkal Gourav' of Odisha? Q.2. The first graduate and advocate of Odisha was ___. Q.3.Which of these poems is not written by Madhusudan Das? Q.4. Madhusudan Das's birth anniversary is observed as ____ Day in Odisha. Q.5.Who founded 'Utkal Sammilani', a revolution in social & industrial development of Odisha? Q.6.Who was the first Odia to become a member of both the Legislative council & Central Legislative Assembly of India? Q.7.Madhusudan Das founded a factory producing shoes and other leather products in the year 1905. Name it. Q.8.Madhusudan Das is known to us as ____. Q.9. Sailabala Womens' college at Cuttack, Odisha is named after Madhusudan Das's ___. Q.10. The Post & Telegraph Dept. of India privileged to bring out stamps of Madhusudan Das in which year ?

Today on Workd Earth Day(April 22) Intangible Cultural Heritage of India included three more items(Manabasa Gurubara, Chhau dance and Ravan Chhaya) of Odisha to its list.